LITERARY ELEMENTS #3 - TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

Literary Elements #3  Ch 4 & 5 To Kill a Mockingbird    

1. What metaphor for Scout’s learning experience at school suggests how bored she is there?  P.33  [Metaphor = comparison w/out using like or as.]

2.  On p. 34, find the paragraph that is a list of metaphors for summer.  List at least 3 below.

          1.

          2.

          3.

3.  On p. 35, what superstition did Jem believe about the Indian head pennies?  It’s a metaphor. [Metaphor = comparison w/out using like or as.]

4.  On. P. 37, the author uses a term we would consider offensive and derogatory.  Scout says, “Calpurnia says that’s nigger-talk.”  [Meaning the idea of a Hot Steam is just a superstition some black folk believe in.] Why would the author use a word that is offensive? Give 2 possible reasons.

          1.

          2. 

5. Find the simile on p. 37 that describes what Scout looked like when she fell out of the tire.  [A simile is a comparison that uses like or as.]

6.  Find the metaphor on p. 38 that indicates Jem’s hesitation to enter the Radley gate to retrieve the tire. [Metaphor = comparison w/out using like or as.] 

7.  On p. 41 find an example of irony in what Jem tells Scout about her behavior because she doesn’t want to play “Boo Radley” anymore.  [Irony occurs when Jem says the opposite of what you would expect him to say.]

8.  What is the double metaphor that refers to Miss Maudie Atkinson? (on p. 42) [Metaphor = comparison w/out using like or as.]

                   1.

                   2.

9. Find the colloquialism on p. 44.  It refers to why Jack Finch would yell a marriage proposal across the street at Miss Maudie. [A colloquialism is a regional or cultural saying or expression.]

10. On p. 44, we learn more about Arthur (Boo) Radley’s father, and how harsh he was.  What did he say to Miss Maudie? 

Why do you suppose he would say that?

11.  In contrast, what does Scout say her father believes about God or about who God is? It’s a biblical allusion. (p. 45)  [A biblical allusion is referring to something in the Bible.]

12.  Find personification on p. 45 that refers to the Radley house.  [Personification is giving human characteristics to objects or animals.]

13.  Why is Atticus so angry with Jem for trying to put a note into the Radley window with a fishing pole?

14. What is it that Atticus does NOT know about this situation? Who do you think put the gum and the pennies into the tree hole?

For Comp I: REVIEW RULES 1-3

Review Rules 1-3

Directions:  Put in commas where they are needed.  Tell which rule you followed by selecting one of the choices below.

   1.  Items in a Series [I have a dog, a cat, and a mouse.]

   2.  Between Adjectives Preceding a Noun  [The huge, dark cloud was headed north.]

   3.  Compound Sentences [I love geometry, but I am not good at algebra.]

   C.  Correct – No commas needed

1.  We had hot dogs chips chocolate cake and watermelon at the picnic.___

2.  The cool wet summer we had was a big disappointment. ___

3.   My aunt is on vacation but she will be back next month. ___

4.  My aunt is on vacation but will be back next month. ___

5.  Mrs. Curtiss loves to give her students long difficult assignments.  ___

6.  Her students would rather do English than eat sleep or win the lottery! ___

7.  I love bubblegum and candy bars. ___

8.  Joel’s birthday is on Teusday and Sue’s birthday is on Wednesday. ___

9. I know exactly where commas belong but I still make mistakes.

10.  We will win our homecoming game because of our tough hard-hitting linebackers. ___

11. This sentence is definitely compoun and it will need a comma. ___

12.  My typing skills improve daily because I am a bright talented student. ___

13.  Mrs. Curtiss can do between three and four hundred sit-us in three minutes and she’s still not tired out. ___

14.  Mrs. Curtiss will bet you a candy bar a can of pop or your last dollar that she can do it.­___

15.  One doubtful incredulous student did not believe she could do it.

16.  He soon discovered he was wrong and he had to give her a can of Diet Coke the next day. ___

17.  Sometime it is difficult to tell whether or not a sentence is compound but it will have two sentences in it. ___

18.  The conjunctions AND BUT and OR are found in compound sentences. ___

19. The strange odd-looking hat was worn by a sweet cute girl. ___

20.  I am sick and tired of working on commas and I’m going to quit right now. ___

For MYTHS AND LEGENDS AND TALES

GO TO THE LINK BELOW AND READ A DIFFERENT VERSION OF "DOLPHIN GIRL."  IN SEVERAL SENTENCES, EXPLAIN THE MAJOR DIFFERENCE IN THIS VERSION OF THE STORY.DIFFERENT VERSION OF DOLPHIN GIRL STORY

Rule 3: Compound Sentences

COMPOUND SENTENCE Rule 3:  Use a comma before the coordinating conjunction in compound sentences.   If the sentence uses a coordinating conjunction but is NOT compound, do not use a comma.

     Example:  Mary is not feeling well and is going home at noon.  [not compound]

             Mary is not feeling well, and she is going home at noon.   [compound]

=================================================================================

PART ONE:  Write seven compound sentences.  To get a good grade, your sentences should be about 10-14+ words long.  [Caution: Don't create run-ons!]

PART TWO:

Directions:   These sentences are not compound because they do not have two complete sentences before and after the coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or).  Make them compound.  Add a comma and change the wording as needed.  

 1.  Heavy rain can cause damage to farm crops and can also ruin land by soil erosion.

 2.  They are a happy, energetic people but are living under very harsh conditions.

 3.  Auto exhaust contains carbon monoxide and is a leading cause of air pollution in the U.S.

 4.  Kim left the basketball game an hour early but had to come back because she forgot her gloves.

 5.  Joe’s friend hates to be told what to do but loves to tell others what they should be doing.

 6.  Kyle can clean the floor with the mop in the closet or wash all of the dishes in the sink.

 7.  November is a wintry month in Minnesota but is really comfortable and warm in Texas.

 8.  I will remember to leave directions to Tom’s house on the counter and will be sure to give you his phone number as well.

 9.  My best friend Dave lost his father in an automobile accident and lost his mother to cancer last year, too.

10.  A compound sentence contains two complete sentences joined together with a conjunction and 

always needs a comma.

11.  Tom will have to eat hot dogs for lunch or will have to order pizza from Domino’s. 

5 W's Self-Questioning on "Shame" by Dick Gregory

GO HERE TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON "SHAME" BY DICK GREGORY

For Monday, Sept 24th BETWEEN ADJECTIVES

Commas Between Adjectives - Rule 2

Rule:  Use a comma between two adjectives that precede a noun.   If the adjectives are very closely related, no comma is needed.

Examples:      
1.  The gloomy, cloudy day put a damper on our plans to go to the beach.
2.  Her long, flowing hair blew in the summer wind.
3.  I tried to catch the teenager here before he drove off in a rusty, noisy convertible.
4.  Her navy blue suit looks terrific.  (no comma)
5.  The little old man looked so happy to see his grandchildren playing in the yard.
                                    (no comma)



PART ONE:  Exercise 4 – Put in commas wherever you think they are needed. 

1.  Carlos was the popular efficient president of the senior class.

2.  The cold dry northern air is very exhilarating.

3.  We loved running barefoot over the cool wet sand.

4.  What a stern dignified manner that soldier has!

5.  The dark dingy musty attic seemed spooky.

6.  The noisy carefree spectators cheered when they saw the bright new uniforms and instruments of  the marching band.

7.  Have you read about the strong courageous women who fought the cold hard prairies of Iowa?

8.  An alert businesslike and popular leader is needed.

9.  A squat dark cooking stove stood in one corner of the old kitchen.

10.  May Swenson fascinates us with her clever tantalizing poems.

PART TWO:  Write 7 sentences that illustrate the rule.  Each of those sentences must have two adjectives that precede a noun.  Don’t make items in a series/list.  Just TWO adjectives.  Remember, if you are trying to get a good grade, you need to write detailed, specific sentences that are 10-14+ words long.  Don't create run-ons, though.

        Incorrect example:  My shirt is old, dirty, and ugly.  (These adjectives do not precede a noun.)

        Correct example:  My dirty, ugly shirt should be thrown away.

#2 Literary Elements - To Kill a Mockingbird

Literary Elements #2: Chapter 2 & 3   To Kill a Mockingbird  _________

1. Find the simile on p 16 that refers to Scout’s teacher.  (A simile is a comparison that uses like  or As.)

2.  On p. 16 can you find a word that is a metaphor for politicians who had a lot of power?

3.  Look at that passage again.  What do you think “persons of no background” means?

4. On p. 16, why does the word “immune” work well in the passage below?  What literary element is this?

“Miss Caroline seemed unaware that the ragged, denim-shirted and floursack-skirted first grade, most of whom had chopped cotton and fed hogs from the time they were able to walk, were immune to imaginative literature…”

5.  Irony is when the opposite of what you would expect happens.  Find an example of irony on p. 17 in reference to the children’s understanding of the alphabet.

6.  On. P. 17, Miss Caroline disapproves of Scout’s ability to read and write.  What reason does she give Scout?  What do you think is the real reason?

7. On p. 18, can you spot a mistake Jem makes in reference to the teaching methods of Miss Caroline?

8.  Miss C. doesn’t understand why Walter Cunningham doesn’t have a lunch. On p. 19, someone whispers, “Go on and tell her, Scout.”  What can you learn about Scout’s personality and abilities based upon that comment?

9.  Setting info:  During the depression (1930’s), a quarter was a lot of money.  How much do you think a loaf of bread cost then?  Guess.

What is the term that explains why things cost so much more now?  Because of …?

10.  A colloquialism is a regional or cultural saying that has its own, non-literal meaning.  Find a colloquialism on p. 21.   “What does it mean?

11.  In Ch. 3, we learn some things about Calpurnia’s character through her actions.  She is both tough and tender-hearted.  What does she do that shows she is tough and strict?

What does she do that shows her “soft” side?

Thursday, Sept. 20 Items in a Series

Items in a Series 

Rule:  Use a comma after each item in a series except the last.  If all items are joined by and  or  or, do not use commas.

Examples:    1.  Mary, Tom, Jill, and Mike are all serving on the refreshments committee.

                        2.  I looked for my dog in the back yard, in the front yard, and across the street.

                        3.  We had corn dogs, apple pie, French fries, and milk for lunch.

                        4.  Either Bill or Jack or Sam can drive tonight, but I can’t.

Directions:  Put  in commas where needed by writing the word that precedes the comma.  Mark “C” for correct if the sentence does not need commas.  (Two are correct.)   Use the key afterwards.

Part 1 - Exercise A

1.  We had lessons in swimming canoeing archery and handicrafts.

2.  Mary and Frances and Ted dashed out of the car down the beach and into the water.

3.  Our school has organized clubs for music art radio and chess.

4.  One representative on the Student Council should be the senior class president or the secretary or the treasurer.

5.  The high school orchestra includes violins cellos bass viols clarinets saxophones trumpets and drums.

6.  I’ve planted seedlings fertilized them carefully and watered them each day.

7.  The children played happily on the swings on the slides and in the pool.

8.  Science and Latin and algebra are all included in next year’s course of study.

9.  Do you know anything about how to pitch a tent how to build a campfire or how to cook out-of-doors?

10.  I enjoy swimming boating and surfing more than skiing sledding or skating.

Part 2 -  After you do Exercise A, use the key to correct your work.  Then write seven sentences of your own that contain Items in a Series.  To get an “A,” your sentences should be at least 14 words long. 

Part 3 – When you finish, check for make-up work that is missing [isd317.org  Parent Portal].   

RESEARCHING THE GREAT DEPRESSION - TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

1. Find images / pictures from the Great Depression. Look through lots and lots of them on Google images or elsewhere.
2. Open an Evernote document (new note).
3. Write a good paragraph (5-10) sentences on one of the following topics:
A. What it would be like to be without a job during the Depression
B. What it would be like to be black (non-white) during the Depression.
C. What Jem & Scout's life would be like during this time.

INCLUDE AT LEAST 3 PICTURES THAT YOU CUT AND PASTE. YOU SHOULD COMMENT ON EACH PICTURE.

For Wednesday, Sept. 19th - Comp I

Go here Answer all questions and submit.

REVIEW FRAGMENTS & RUN-ONS Medusa Story

7 - REVIEW SENTENCE, FRAGMENTS, RUN-ONS:  MEDUSA STORY

Put the sentences together in paragraph form.  (Do not include numbers.)  Combine or separate sentences so that there are no fragments or run-ons.

1. Medusa and her two sisters were three horrible monsters who, at one time, had been beautiful women.
2. Medusa, the most beautiful of the three, was very proud, she boasted that she was even more beautiful than the goddess Athena.
3. Because of her pride, she and her two sisters were turned into monsters.
4. Who had hissing serpents for hair.
5. No one dared look upon Medusa and her sisters.
6. Because anyone who did turned to stone.
7. Lying all about them were stones that had once been men.
8. Medusa and her two sisters menaced the land for years finally they were challenged by Perseus.
9. A young, handsome warrior.
10.   Having been given magic weapons by the gods.
11.   Perseus set out to kill Medusa.
12.   The only mortal one of the three sisters.
13.   When he approached the area in which the monsters lived.
14.   Perseus put on a magic cap which made him invisible he held up a shield that had been given him by Athena.
15.   Studying the reflection of Medusa and her sisters in his shield.
16.   Perseus slowly approached the monsters.
17.   Luckily, they were sleeping.
18.   Still using the shield as a mirror, he cut off Medusa’s head with a single stroke he put the head into a special pouch.
19.   Which had also been given to him by Athena.
20.   The other sisters awoke but could not see him, therefore he escaped with the head of Medusa.

Fix Run-ons #2

6 - Run-ons #2 Assignment

PART A - Fix and punctuate the passages below, eliminating all run-ons. Do not create any fragments in the process.

Having been excused early, we hurried to the locker room and changed into our uniforms when the coach called us, we were ready to go the big bus drew up in the driveway, and just as we had done a dozen other times, we piled in and took our usual seats, this trip was different, however, everybody knew how different it was we would return either as champions of the state or as just another second-rate team.

It was the hottest day we could remember, coming down the street, we were sure we could see heat waves rising from the sidewalk, we felt as though we’d never get home we ambled up the street in a daze hoping we’d last just one more block, we knew if we could make it there would be large bottles of ice cold soda awaiting us what a relief!


PART B - Fix all run-ons and fragments in this passage.

Our national bird. It is the great bald eagle. As most Americans know. Similar to the bald eagle is the golden eagle. Which has a wingspread up to seven and a half feet. The national bird is protected by law, but the golden eagle is not, the result is that hunters are rapidly diminishing the number of these great birds. If the golden eagles are not also given the protection they need. They may become extinct. In just a few years.


Go here to practice finding run-ons if you have extra time:http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/run-ons_add1.htm

Here’s more practice:http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/nova/nova4.htm

Practice Finding Run-ons 

More Practice Fixing Run-ons

5 W's Self Questioning - Burris Ewell passage

Go here and answer the questions on this form. Submit your answers.

#1 Literary Elements (Chap 1 To Kill a Mockingbird)

Literary Elements #1 To Kill a Mockingbird Name: __________________

Chapter 1

1. Find the biblical allusion on page 4. [An allusion is a reference to famous literature or an event or person in history.]


2. Find the metaphor on p. 5 about men’s collars. What are they compared to? [A metaphor is a comparison that does not use like or as.]


3. Find a simile on p. 5 that refers to what the ladies were like in the hot weather. [A simile is a comparison that uses like or as.]


4. Find an example of personification on page 5. [Personification is giving human characteristics to things that aren’t human.]


5. Find the allusion on page 6. [An allusion is a reference to famous literature or an event or person in history.] Hint: Franklin Delano Roosevelt said it.



6. Find the hyperbole on page 7. [A hyperbole is a great exaggeration.]



7. Find the metaphor on page 8 that refers to Dill telling the story of Dracula so often that it was no longer interesting to hear? [A metaphor is a comparison that does not use like or as.]



8. Find the simile on page 8 that refers to Dill’s fascination with the Radley Place. [A simile is a comparison that uses like or as.]



9. The Radley place becomes legendary in Maycomb. A legend is a story that grows larger than life with time. What are three of the ideas people believed superstitiously about the Radleys?



10. Why was Arthur Radley confined to his home? Who made him stay there? P.10


11. What metaphor refers to Arthur (Boo) Radley? Page 11. [A metaphor is a comparison that does not use like or as.]



12. Find an example of personification that refers to the Radley house on p. 
. [Personification is giving human characteristics to something that is not human.]

#2 Literary Elements (Chap 2-3) To Kill a Mockingbird

Literary Elements #2: Chapter 2 & 3   To Kill a Mockingbird  _________

1. Find the simile on p 16 that refers to Scout’s teacher.  (A simile is a comparison that uses like  or As.)

2.  On p. 16 can you find a word that is a metaphor for politicians who had a lot of power?

3.  Look at that passage again.  What do you think “persons of no background” means?

4. On p. 16, why does the word “immune” work well in the passage below?  What literary element is this?

“Miss Caroline seemed unaware that the ragged, denim-shirted and floursack-skirted first grade, most of whom had chopped cotton and fed hogs from the time they were able to walk, were immune to imaginative literature…”

5.  Irony is when the opposite of what you would expect happens.  Find an example of irony on p. 17 in reference to the children’s understanding of the alphabet.

6.  On. P. 17, Miss Caroline disapproves of Scout’s ability to read and write.  What reason does she give Scout?  What do you think is the real reason?

7. On p. 18, can you spot a mistake Jem makes in reference to the teaching methods of Miss Caroline?

8.  Miss C. doesn’t understand why Walter Cunningham doesn’t have a lunch. On p. 19, someone whispers, “Go on and tell her, Scout.”  What can you learn about Scout’s personality and abilities based upon that comment?

9.  Setting info:  During the depression (1930’s), a quarter was a lot of money.  How much do you think a loaf of bread cost then?  Guess.

What is the term that explains why things cost so much more now?  Because of …?

10.  A colloquialism is a regional or cultural saying that has its own, non-literal meaning.  Find a colloquialism on p. 21.   “What does it mean?

11.  In Ch. 3, we learn some things about Calpurnia’s character through her actions.  She is both tough and tender-hearted.  What does she do that shows she is tough and strict?

What does she do that shows her “soft” side?

For Myths: More Beowulf

More on Beowulf            Name:_______________

1.  What was the original form of this story? (What form of literature?)

2.  Find two different images of Grendel online, and paste them here but shrink them in size .  (Shrink them so that you only have ONE PAGE when you print.)

3.  Go here. http://www.lone-star.net/literature/beowulf/

          a.  When was Beowulf written?

          b.  How many manuscripts are there of Beowulf?

          c.  Look at the picture on the right at this url.  What is unusual about the manuscript?  (Read the introduction if you don’t know.)

          d.  Where is the original manuscript located today?

          e.  Enter one of the Episodes at the bottom of the page.  How is this version of Beowulf different from the version we read in class?   Which is more “true to form?”

4.  Print this page and draw the PLOTLINE with all 5 PLOTLINE ELEMENTS labeled (exposition, rising action, turning point, falling action, resolution) on the back of this page.  Be sure to include at least seven to  ten details from the story.

Run-ons #2

6 - Run-ons #2 Assignment

PART A - Fix and punctuate the passages below, eliminating all run-ons. Do not create any fragments in the process.

Having been excused early, we hurried to the locker room and changed into our uniforms when the coach called us, we were ready to go the big bus drew up in the driveway, and just as we had done a dozen other times, we piled in and took our usual seats, this trip was different, however, everybody knew how different it was we would return either as champions of the state or as just another second-rate team.

It was the hottest day we could remember, coming down the street, we were sure we could see heat waves rising from the sidewalk, we felt as though we’d never get home we ambled up the street in a daze hoping we’d last just one more block, we knew if we could make it there would be large bottles of ice cold soda awaiting us what a relief!


PART B - Fix all run-ons and fragments in this passage.

Our national bird. It is the great bald eagle. As most Americans know. Similar to the bald eagle is the golden eagle. Which has a wingspread up to seven and a half feet. The national bird is protected by law, but the golden eagle is not, the result is that hunters are rapidly diminishing the number of these great birds. If the golden eagles are not also given the protection they need. They may become extinct. In just a few years.


Go here to practice finding run-ons if you have extra time:http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/run-ons_add1.htm

Here’s more practice:http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/nova/nova4.htm

Practice Finding Run-ons

More Practice Fixing Run-ons